Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2010; 10:482-96. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), the active form of vitamin D, is known to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, thus being a key-player in bone-formation.

Authors:Carpagnano GE, Lecce V, Quaranta VN, Zito A, Buonamico E. PMID: PMC7415009 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01370-x Abstract Purpose: Hypovitaminosis D is a highly spread condition correlated with increased risk of respiratory tract infections. Nowadays, the world is in the grip of the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) pandemic. In these patients, cytokine storm is associated with disease [...]

Authors: Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar M, Li R, Mehmood K, Waqas M, Li K, Li J. PMID: PMC7347483 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153277 Abstract The world is witnessing a difficult time. The race of developing a new coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine is becoming more urgent. Many preliminary studies on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients have provided some clues to treat this [...]

New research provides evidence of an impaired vitamin D gene signature in CD4+ T cells in patients with severe COVID-19. Mechanistically, it is shown that vitamin D alters the epigenetic landscape of CD4+ T cells, as well as inducing key transcription factors such as STAT3, BACH2 and JUN that reduce levels of IFN-γ and increase IL-10. These changes generate pro-resolving TH1 cells that may be beneficial in resolving or preventing severe COVID-19.

Authors: Calis Z, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. PMID: 31288717 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190617150051 Abstract The inflammatory process in the human body is a physiological response involving many cellular types and mediators. It results in scar formation to separate the damaged area from the surrounding healthy tissue. Because of increased blood-brain barrier permeability following inflammation, leukocytes infiltrate the [...]

Authors: Rahman MT PMID: 32834942 doi: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100382 Abstract An effective vaccine to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 is yet to be approved. Further there is no drug that is specific to treat COVID-19. A number of antiviral drugs such as Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Azithromycin and Doxycycline have been recommended or are being used to treat [...]

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an emergent global threat which is straining worldwide healthcare capacity. As of May 27th, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 340,000 deaths worldwide, with 100,000 deaths in the US alone. It is imperative to study and develop pharmacological treatments suitable for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Ascorbic acid is a crucial vitamin necessary for the correct functioning of the immune system. It plays a role in stress response and has shown promising results when administered to the critically ill. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid whose antiviral properties have been investigated in numerous studies. There is evidence that vitamin C and quercetin co-administration exerts a synergistic antiviral action due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties and the capacity of ascorbate to recycle quercetin, increasing its efficacy. Safe, cheap interventions which have a sound biological rationale should be prioritized for experimental use in the current context of a global health pandemic. We present the current evidence for the use of vitamin C and quercetin both for prophylaxis in high-risk populations and for the treatment of COVID-19 patients as an adjunct to promising pharmacological agents such as Remdesivir or convalescent plasma.

Authors:Castillo RR, Quizon GR, Juco MJ, Roman AD, de Leon DG, Punzalan FE et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32794/mr11250063 Abstract Treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pneumonia remains empirical and the search for therapies that can improve outcomes continues. Melatonin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating effects that may address key pathophysiologic mechanisms in [...]

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Like other coronaviral infections, SARS-CoV-2 causes oxidative and ER stress triggering cellular response pathways, mainly PERK and IRE1 branches of the UPR.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is sweeping the globe. Despite multiple case-series, actionable knowledge to tailor decision-making proactively is missing. Can a statistical model accurately predict infection with COVID-19?