Authors: Kiechl S, Pechlaner R, Willeit P, Notdurfier M, Paulweber B, Willeit K et al. PMID: 29955838 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy102 Abstract Background: Spermidine administration is linked to increased survival in several animal models. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the potential association between spermidine content in diet and mortality in humans. Design: This [...]

Auhtors: Sundaram S, Yan L PMID: 30442235 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.014 Abstract Erratic eating behavior disrupts the daily feeding and fasting pattern and leads to metabolic dysfunction and chronic diseases including cancer. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that time-restricted feeding of a high-fat diet (HFD) to the dark phase does not enhance mammary tumorigenesis [...]

Auhtors: Puar YR, Shanmugam MK, Fan L, Arfuso F, Sethi G, Tergaonkar V PMID: 30060453 PMCID: PMC6163404 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030082 Abstract Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is responsible for the regulation of a large number of genes that are involved in important physiological processes, including survival, inflammation, and immune responses. At the same [...]

Auhtors: Pan B, Ge L, Xun YQ, Chen YJ, Gao CY, Han X, et al. PMID: 30045740 PMCID: PMC6060544 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0703-3 Abstract Introduction: Current international guidelines recommend aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In our study, we conducted a network meta-analysis to assess the comparative impact of [...]

Authors: Langguth B, Elgoyhen AB, Cederroth CR PMID: 30044727 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021556 Abstract Tinnitus is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with hearing loss in most cases. In the absence of external stimuli, phantom perceptions of sounds emerge from alterations in neuronal activity within central auditory and nonauditory structures. Pioneering studies using lidocaine revealed that [...]

Authors: Piacentini S, La Frazia S, Riccio A, Pedersen JZ, Topai A, Nicolotti O PMID: 29992955 PMCID: PMC6041319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28172-9 Abstract Paramyxoviridae, a large family of enveloped viruses harboring a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome, include important human pathogens as measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses, and henipaviruses, which cause some of the deadliest [...]

Authors: Wang YH, Li SA, Huang CH, Su HH, Chen YH PMID: 29962953 PMCID: PMC6013847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00636 Abstract Lumbrokinase is used as an oral supplement to support and maintain healthy cardiovascular function, and to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinical for more than 10 years. Up until now, the mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of post-ischemic [...]

Auhtors: Scott JM, Zabor EC, Schwitzer E, Koelwyn GJ, Adams SC, Nilsen TS, et al. PMID: 29894274 PMCID: PMC6804903 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.5809 Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effects of exercise therapy on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among patients with adult-onset cancer. Secondary objectives were to evaluate treatment effect modifiers, safety, and fidelity. [...]

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the ICS fluticasone propionate (FP) impairs innate and acquired antiviral immune responses leading to delayed virus clearance and previously unrecognised adverse effects of enhanced mucus, impaired antimicrobial peptide secretion and increased pulmonary bacterial load during virus-induced exacerbations. Exogenous interferon-β reverses these effects. FP suppression of interferon may occur through inhibition of TLR3- and RIG-I virus-sensing pathways. Mice deficient in the type I interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR1−/−) have suppressed antimicrobial peptide and enhanced mucin responses to rhinovirus infection. This study identifies type I interferon as a central regulator of antibacterial immunity and mucus production. Suppression of interferon by ICS during virus-induced COPD exacerbations likely mediates pneumonia risk and raises suggestion that inhaled interferon-β therapy may protect.

Authors: Singanayagam A, Glanville N, Girkin JL, Ching YM, Marcellini A PMID: 29884817 PMCID: PMC5993715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04574-1 Abstract Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the [...]