Authors: Ranjbar K, Shahriarad R, erfani A, Khodamoradi Z, Saadi MH PMID: 33838657 PMCID: PMC8035859 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06045-3 Abstract Background: Although almost a year has passed since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and promising reports of vaccines have been presented, we still have a long way until these measures are available for all. Furthermore, the [...]

Authors: Rashid RA, Zgair A, Al-Ani R PMID: 33839489 PMCID: PMC8024226 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103033 Abstract Objectives: Anosmia is a common debilitating symptom of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment of anosmia. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of nasal betamethasone drops in the recovery of olfaction [...]

Authors: Fadel R, Morrison AR, Vahia A, Smith ZR, Chaudry Z, Bhargava P et al. PMID: 32427279 PMCID: PMC7314133 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa601 Abstract Background: There is no proven antiviral or immunomodulatory therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease progression associated with the proinflammatory host response prompted us to examine the role of early corticosteroid therapy [...]

Authors: Jonathan A C Sterne, Srinivas Murthy, Janet V Diaz, et al. PMID: 32876694 PMCID: PMC7489434 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17023 Abstract Importance: Effective therapies for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed, and clinical trial data have demonstrated that low-dose dexamethasone reduced mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who required respiratory support. Objective: To estimate the [...]

Authors: Chroboczek T, Lacoste M, Wackenheim C, Challan-Belval T, Amar B, Boisson T doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20094755 Abstract Background Since December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), is spreading worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. No specific treatment has yet clearly shown to improve the disease’s evolution. Validated therapeutic [...]

Authors: Villar J, Confalonieri M, Pastores SM, Meduri GU PMID: 32426753 PMCID: PMC7188431 DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000111 Abstract In December 2019, pneumonia associated with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China. On March 14, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic with confirmed cases in 127 countries. This unprecedented [...]

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the ICS fluticasone propionate (FP) impairs innate and acquired antiviral immune responses leading to delayed virus clearance and previously unrecognised adverse effects of enhanced mucus, impaired antimicrobial peptide secretion and increased pulmonary bacterial load during virus-induced exacerbations. Exogenous interferon-β reverses these effects. FP suppression of interferon may occur through inhibition of TLR3- and RIG-I virus-sensing pathways. Mice deficient in the type I interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR1−/−) have suppressed antimicrobial peptide and enhanced mucin responses to rhinovirus infection. This study identifies type I interferon as a central regulator of antibacterial immunity and mucus production. Suppression of interferon by ICS during virus-induced COPD exacerbations likely mediates pneumonia risk and raises suggestion that inhaled interferon-β therapy may protect.

Authors: Singanayagam A, Glanville N, Girkin JL, Ching YM, Marcellini A PMID: 29884817 PMCID: PMC5993715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04574-1 Abstract Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the [...]

Authors: Shodell M, Siegal FP PMID: 11544466 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.117928 Abstract Glucocorticoids are strongly immunosuppressive and are associated with reactivation of some intracellular infections. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a rare blood mononuclear cell detected through its production of IFN-alpha in response to herpes simplex virus and by surface immunophenotyping. We here report that steroid administration [...]